if i have a really important exam,i study a lot.
i study a lot if i have a really importan exam.
His mother gets annoyed if he is late.
if i am busy with chores at home, i ask a family member to do some.
if my friends don't call me for a few days,i start to get lonely

We are talking about the future. We are thinking about a particular condition or situation in the future, and the result of this condition. There is a real possibility that this condition will happen. For example, it is morning. You are at home. You plan to play tennis this afternoon. But there are some clouds in the sky. Imagine that it rains. What will you do?
if it rains,i will stay at home.
Notice that we are thinking about a future condition. It is not raining yet. But the sky is cloudy and you think that it could rain. We use the present simple tense to talk about the possible future condition. We use WILL + base verb to talk about the possible future result. The important thing about the first conditional is that there is a real possibility that the condition will happen. Here are some more examples.
 

 

if it rains, i will stay at home.  اگر بارون بیاد خونه میمونم 
if it rains,i won't go to the park. اگه بارون بیاد پارک نمیرم
 

If I work hard, I’ll get a promotion. (Possible- likely)
You'll get wet if you don't take an umbrella.
If you buy a new car, how will you pay for it?
we will go skiing if it snows tomorrow.
if my brother does not buy me a bike for my birthday,i will be very unhappy
 

If it rains. I might decide to stay home.
If it rains, we can’t go.
if it is sunny,we may go to the park
 

if i won the lottery,i would buy a car.

if i married mary,i would be happy.
if Ram became rich,she would marry him.
if it snowed next july,would you be surprised?
If 1 taught this class, 1 would n’t give tests.
 

if i was/were you,i'd stop smoking.

If 1 was you,i would accept their invitation.

If 1 had enough money, 1 could buy a car.

if i had time,i should study english.

The first conditional and second conditionals talk about the future. With the third conditional we talk about the past. We talk about a condition in the past that did not happen. That is why there is no possibility for this condition. The third conditional is also like a dream, but with no possibility of the dream coming true.
Last week you bought a lottery ticket. But you did not win
Notice that we are thinking about an impossible past condition. You did not win the lottery. So the condition was not true, and that particular condition can never be true because it is finished. We use the past perfect tense to talk about the impossible past condition. We use WOULD HAVE + past participle to talk about the impossible past result. The important thing about the third conditional is that both the condition and result are impossible now.
 

If I had won the lottery ,I would have bought a car  اگه تو قرعه کشی برنده شده بودم 1 ماشین خریده بودم
 

If I'd done my homework,my teacher wouldn't have shouted at me..
What would you have done if I had told her?
Would you have stayed at home if it had rained yesterday?
I wouldn't have felt sick if I hadn't eaten so much.
I would have invited Tara if she had been free yesterday.
If you’d told me, 1 would’ve helped you ( or I'd've helped you)
 

If it hadn't rained,I might have gone to the beach.
If i had had enough money, i could have bought a car.

 
Notice the use of progressive verb forms in these examples. Even in conditional sentences, progressive verb forms are used in progressive situations.

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(a) True: It is raining right now, so I will not go for a walk.
(b) Conditional: If it were not raining right now, I would go for a walk.

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©True: It was raining yesterday afternoon, so I did not go for a walk.
(d) Conditional: If it had not been raining, I would have gone for a walk.

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(e) True: I am not living in Chile. I am not working at a bank.
(f) Conditional: If I were living in Chile, I would be working at a bank.

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(g) True: I was not living in Chile last year; I was not working at a bank.
(h) Conditional: If I had been living in Chile last year, I would have been working at a bank.

 

Frequently the time in the if- Clause and the time in the result clause are different: one clause may be in the present and the other in the past. Notice that past and present times are mixed in these sentences.
(a) True: I did not eat breakfast several hours ago, so I am hungry now.
(b) Conditional: If I had eaten (past) breakfast several hours ago, I would not be (present) hungry now.

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© True: He is not a good student. He did not study for the test yesterday.
(d) Conditional: If he were (present) a good student, he would have (past) studied for

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Exercise2.Change the statements to conditional sentences. Begin each one with But.
1.I’m hungry now because I didn’t eat dinner.
But if I ’d eaten dinner, I wouldn’t be hungry now. .
2. The room is full of flies because you left the door open
3. You are tired this morning because you didn’t go to bed at a reasonable hour last night.
4. I didn’t finish my report yesterday, so I can’t begin a new project today.
5. I ’m not you, so I didn’t tell him the truth
6. I don’t know anything about plumbing, so I didn’t fix the leak in the sink myself.
7. Anita got sick because she didn’t follow the doctor’s orders.


 

I wish I spoke Italian. -- I don't speak Italian.
I don’t like this place. I wish I lived in somewhere more interesting.
I wish I were on a beach. -- I'm in the office.
 

I wish I hadn't eaten so much. -- I ate a lot.

I wish they'd come on holiday with us. -- They didn't come on holiday with us.

I wish I were lying on a beach now. -- I'm sitting in the office.

I wish it were n't raining. -- It is raining.

Future: I wish you weren't leaving tomorrow. -- You are leaving tomorrow.

I wish you wouldn't arrive so late all the time. (I'm annoyed because you always come late and I want you to arrive on time)
I wish you would stop making so much noise” – The person wants the other to stop making noise.
The phone has been raining for five minutes I wish somebody would answer it.

 I wish you success.

- He wished me luck.
- We wish you a happy birthday!
- I wish her every success.
                                                                          

Subject + hope (+that) + something happens

I hope to be a millionaire by the time I'm thirty.'
I hope you get this letter before you go away.
She hopes that her dad buys her a bike.

 I hope I can learn English well. [This is possible!]
 I hope we will go home early today.[This is possible, too.]
 A: I hope it will snow tomorrow. Then we can go skiing.
 B: The weather report says it might rain, not snow.
 A: Well, I hope the weather report is wrong!
 

 

First Conditional: (Unless + present)

• You'll be sick unless you stop eating. (= You will be sick if you don't stop eating)
  
• I won't pay unless you provide the goods immediately. (= If you don't provide them I won't pay
  

Second Conditional: (Unless + past)

• I wouldn't ask her out unless you told me it was OK" = "I wouldn't ask her out if you told me it was not OK.
  
• Unless he was very ill, he would be at work.
  

Third Conditional (Unless + past perfect)

• They wouldn't have come over unless we'd invited them" = "They wouldn't have come over if we had not invited them."